100 200 300 400
T / K
Fig. 4.2
State three conclusions about the gases and their samples that may be drawn from Fig. 4.1
and Fig. 4.2. The conclusions may be qualitative or quantitative. Use the space below for any
working that you need.
Question
Physics
CAIE2024
(a) Define specific heat capacity.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Two solid blocks X and Y are made from different metals. The blocks have different initial
temperatures. Block Y is initially at room temperature.
The blocks are placed in direct thermal contact with each other at time t = 0. Fig. 2.1 shows
the variation with t of the temperatures of the two blocks.
100
Question
Physics
CAIE2024
X
temperature / °C
Question
Physics
CAIE2024
(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:44)
(ii) The temperature of sample X is now varied.
On Fig. 3.1, sketch the variation with thermodynamic temperature of the root-mean-
square (r.m.s.) speed of the molecules of the gas.
r.m.s. speed
(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:44)
Fig. 4.2 shows the variation with T of the product pV for samples of the two gases, where p is
the pressure of the gas and V is the volume of the gas.
Question
Physics
CAIE2024
Y
pV / 103 J
Question
Physics
CAIE2024
(a) Define specific heat capacity.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Two solid blocks X and Y are made from different metals. The blocks have different initial
temperatures. Block Y is initially at room temperature.
The blocks are placed in direct thermal contact with each other at time t = 0. Fig. 2.1 shows
the variation with t of the temperatures of the two blocks.
100
(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:10)(cid:44)
(ii) The temperature of sample X is now varied.
On Fig. 3.1, sketch the variation with thermodynamic temperature of the root-mean-
square (r.m.s.) speed of the molecules of the gas.
r.m.s. speed
Capacitance
Q
C =
V
PMT
Nuclear and particle physics Radioactive decay
A = λN
In a magnetic field
dN
p = −λN
r = dt
BQ
ln 2
λ =
t
½
Thermodynamics
N = N e−λt
Heating 0
A = A e−λt
Question
Physics
Edexcel2024
ΔE = mcΔθ
ΔE = LΔm
Gravitational fields
Molecular kinetic theory
Gravitational force
Question
Physics
Edexcel2024
pV = Nmác2ñ
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
kJ mol–1
Enthalpy of formation of CaCl (s) –796
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
ΔHd / kJ mol–1 ΔSd / J K–1 mol–1
solution system
–87 –210
(i) Explain why the dissolving of magnesium sulfate in water is exothermic by
considering the enthalpy changes involved.
(2)
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Use the data in the table to calculate ΔGd when magnesium sulfate dissolves
in water at 298 K. State the significance of your answer.
(2)
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
Enthalpy of atomisation of Ca(s) → Ca(g) 178
Enthalpy of atomisation of ½Cl (g) → Cl(g) 122
In a boiler, energy is transferred to water at a rate of 40 kW. The corresponding power
loss from the boiler to the surroundings is 4.0 kW.
Which of the following is the efficiency of this boiler?
A 0.10
B 0.11
C 0.90
D 0.91
(Total for Question 6 = 1 mark)
Question
Physics
Edexcel2023
Capacitance
Q
C =
V
*P71915A02628*
DO
NOT
WRITE
IN
THIS
AREA
DO
NOT
WRITE
IN
THIS
AREA
DO
NOT
WRITE
IN
THIS
AREA
AERA
SIHT
NI
ETIRW
TON
OD
AERA
SIHT
NI
ETIRW
TON
OD
AERA
SIHT
NI
ETIRW
TON
OD
PMT
Nuclear and particle physics Radioactive decay
A = λN
In a magnetic field
dN
p = −λN
r = dt
BQ
ln 2
λ =
t ½
Thermodynamics
N = N e−λt
Heating 0
A = A e−λt
Question
Physics
Edexcel2023
ΔE = mcΔθ
ΔE = LΔm
Gravitational fields
Molecular kinetic theory
Gravitational force
Mg2+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq)
The enthalpy changes of hydration of the ions are:
Mg2+ −1920 kJ mol–1
Cl– −364 kJ mol–1
Calculate the enthalpy change of solution, ΔH , of MgCl (s) in kJ mol–1.
solution 2
(2)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
2 dm3 at a temperature of 500 K and a pressure of 100 atmospheres and allowed to
reach equilibrium.
The equilibrium mixture is found to contain 0.086 mol of CH OH(g).
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
3
sealed container to a temperature higher than 500 K. Since the gas volume
remains the same, the increased temperature results in an increase in pressure.
Explain why it is difficult to predict the effect on the yield of CH OH.
*P69306A02728*
PMT
Nuclear and particle physics Radioactive decay
A = λN
In a magnetic field
dN
p = −λN
r = dt
BQ
ln 2
λ =
t
½
Thermodynamics
N = N e−λt
Heating 0
A = A e−λt
Question
Physics
Edexcel2022
ΔE = mcΔθ
ΔE = LΔm
Gravitational fields
Molecular kinetic theory
Gravitational force
Question
Physics
Edexcel2022
pV = Nmác2ñ
Question
Physics
Edexcel2021
*P67096A03132*
PMT
Nuclear and particle physics Radioactive decay
A = λN
In a magnetic field
dN
p = −λN
r = dt
BQ
ln 2
λ =
t
½
Thermodynamics
N = N e−λt
Heating 0
A = A e−λt
Question
Physics
Edexcel2021
ΔE = mcΔθ
ΔE = LΔm
Gravitational fields
Molecular kinetic theory
Gravitational force
Question
Physics
Edexcel2021
pV = Nmác2ñ
Question
Physics
Edexcel2020
pV = Nmác2ñ
Question
Physics
Edexcel2020
*P61864RA02828*
PMT
Nuclear and particle physics Radioactive decay
A = λN
In a magnetic field
dN
p = −λN
r = dt
BQ
ln 2
λ =
t
½
Thermodynamics
N = N e−λt
Heating 0
A = A e−λt
Question
Physics
Edexcel2020
ΔE = mcΔθ
ΔE = LΔm
Gravitational fields
Molecular kinetic theory
Gravitational force