02 0.75 0.02
abundance
(ii) Calculate the relative atomic mass (A ) of the sulfur in this sample using the
r
data in the table. Give your answer to two decimal places.
(2)
(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
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(ii) Deduce, by calculation, whether the label on the bottle of vitamin C tablets
is correct.
(6)
(Total for Question 10 = 14 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 90 MARKS
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Edexcel2024
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Edexcel2024
3 2 4 6
(i) State the indicator used in this titration, giving the colour change that would
be observed at the end-point.
(2)
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Mathematics
Edexcel2024
2 3
The mean titre was 14.40 cm3 .
2S O2–(aq) + I (aq) → 2I–(aq) + S O2−(aq)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
100 mol dm−3 sodium thiosulfate, Na S O (aq).
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
8 6 2 6 6 6
The unreacted iodine in the conical flask was titrated with a solution of
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
0 cm3 of the vitamin C tablet solution from Step 1 was added to the conical
flask from Step 2 to react with the iodine produced, as shown in the equation.
C H O (aq) + I (aq) → C H O (aq) + 2HI(aq)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
................ ................ 2 ...............................
(ii) Show, by calculation, that 7.50 × 10−4 moles of iodine were produced in
the flask.
(2)
(c) Step 3 Titrating with sodium thiosulfate solution.
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
(1)
IO− + I− + H+ → 3I +
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
8 6
The label on a bottle of vitamin C tablets stated that a 2.50 g tablet contained 6%
of vitamin C by mass. The tablet was analysed to check the accuracy of the label.
The procedure involved a series of steps.
(a) Step 1 Dissolving the tablet.
A 2.50 g vitamin C tablet was crushed and dissolved to make an aqueous solution
of volume 250.0 cm3 .
Describe how to make this solution from the crushed tablet.
(3)
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(b) Step 2 Producing a known amount of iodine.
Iodine was produced by reacting 25.0 cm3 of 0.0100 mol dm–3 potassium iodate
with excess potassium iodide and hydrochloric acid in a conical flask.
(i) Complete the ionic equation for the formation of the iodine from 1 mol of
IO− ions.
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
Vitamin C has the molecular formula C H O .
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
2 3 2 2
Standard molar entropy
101.7 135.0 213.6 69.9
/ J K−1 mol−1
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(b) Calculate the minimum temperature, in degrees Celsius (°C), at which an oven
should be set for this reaction to be thermodynamically feasible.
(2)
Minimum temperature = °C
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(Total for Question 9 = 5 marks)
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
2 3 2 2 r
(3)
Compound NaHCO (s) Na CO (s) CO (g) H O(l)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
Sodium hydrogencarbonate is used as a raising agent in baking as carbon dioxide gas
is released when it undergoes thermal decomposition.
(a) Show that this reaction is not feasible at 298 K by calculating ΔG.
2NaHCO (s) → Na CO (s) + CO (g) + H O(l) ΔH = +91.6 kJ mol−1
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
*P76895A02328*
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Mathematics
Edexcel2024
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
Explain the differences in these values.
(4)
Experimental lattice energy Theoretical lattice energy
Compound
/ kJ mol−1 / kJ mol−1
MgF −2957 −2913 2
MgI −2327 −1944 2
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(Total for Question 8 = 12 marks)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
MgI are given in the table.
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
2
(ii) Calculate the value of Δ H [MgF (s)].
f 2
(1)
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(iii) The experimental and theoretical values of the lattice energy for MgF and
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
C
A
Mg(s) + F (g) MgF (s)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
*P76895A02128*
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(i) Complete the Born–Haber cycle for magnesium fluoride with formulae,
state symbols, electrons and correctly labelled arrows.
The cycle is not drawn to scale.
(4)
Mg(g) + F (g)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
This question is about ionic compounds.
(a) Draw dot-and-cross diagrams of the ions in magnesium hydroxide, showing the
outer shell electrons only.
Use × for magnesium electrons, ● for oxygen electrons and for each
hydrogen electron.
(2)
(b) Which definition correctly describes the enthalpy change of solution, Δ H ?
sol
(1)
Enthalpy change of solution, Δ H
sol
The enthalpy change when 1 mol of gaseous ions dissolves in
A
sufficient water to give an infinitely dilute solution.
The enthalpy change when 1 mol of an ionic substance dissolves in
B
water to give an infinitely dilute solution.
The enthalpy change when 1 mol of gaseous ions dissolves in
C
sufficient water to give a solution of concentration 1 mol dm−3 .
The enthalpy change when 1 mol of an ionic substance dissolves in
D
water to give a solution of concentration 1 mol dm−3 .
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(c) The table shows the information needed to calculate the
standard enthalpy change of formation of magnesium fluoride.
Label Description Value / kJ mol−1
A enthalpy change of formation of magnesium fluoride
B lattice energy of magnesium fluoride −2957
C enthalpy change of atomisation of magnesium +148
D 1st ionisation energy of magnesium +738
E 2nd ionisation energy of magnesium +1451
F enthalpy change of atomisation of fluorine +79
G 1st electron affinity of fluorine −328
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
*P76895A01928*
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
2
(1)
A +1.76 V
B +0.24 V
C −0.24 V
D −1.76 V
(Total for Question 7 = 6 marks)
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
Use your Data Booklet.
2VO+(aq) + 4H+(aq) + Zn(s) → 2VO2+(aq) + 2H O(l) + Zn2+(aq)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
D VO2+ blue +5
(d) What is the value of the cell potential for the reaction of Zn and VO+ ?
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
B VO2+ green +4
C VO+ yellow +5
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
5
State symbols are not required.
(2)
(c) Which row of the table shows the correct colour of the solution and oxidation
number of vanadium in the aqueous ions shown?
(1)
Oxidation number
Aqueous ion Colour of solution
of vanadium
A VO+ yellow +3
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
2
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
2
(ii) Which variable affects the value of K ?
p
(1)
A pressure
B temperature
C surface area of the catalyst
D concentration of O (g)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
p(cid:31)SO (cid:30)
D 3 atm−½
p(cid:31)SO (cid:30)p(cid:31)O (cid:30)½
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
p(cid:31)SO (cid:30)p(cid:31)O (cid:30)½
C 2 2 atm−½
p(cid:31)SO (cid:30)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
2
p(cid:31)SO (cid:30)p(cid:31)O (cid:30)½
B 2 2 atm½
p(cid:31)SO (cid:30)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
2 3
(a) (i) What are the expression and the units for the equilibrium constant (K ) for
p
this reaction?
(1)
Expression Units
p(cid:31)SO (cid:30)
A 3 atm2
p(cid:31)SO (cid:30)p(cid:31)O (cid:30)½
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
5
The equation for the second stage is shown.
SO (g) + ½O (g) SO (g) ΔH = −196 kJ mol−1
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
This question is about vanadium.
The contact process is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid. In the second stage,
sulfur dioxide is converted into sulfur trioxide by passing sulfur dioxide and air over a
solid V O catalyst.
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
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(Total for Question 6 = 6 marks)
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
*P76895A01328*
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(c) Give two reasons for the difference between your calculated values in (a) and (b).
(2)
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(d) In the Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell under acidic conditions, at one electrode the
ethanol is oxidised in the presence of water to produce carbon dioxide, hydrogen
ions and electrons.
At the other electrode, the hydrogen ions and electrons combine with oxygen to
form water.
Write the two ionic half-equations for this process.
State symbols are not required.
(2)
Oxidation half-equation
Reduction half-equation
(Total for Question 5 = 10 marks)
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*6 Explain why aqueous solutions of Cu2+ ions and Fe2+ ions are coloured but have
different colours, whereas aqueous solutions of Zn2+ ions are colourless.
Include any relevant electronic configurations.
(6)
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
5 2 2 2
(ii) Calculate a value for the enthalpy change of the Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell
reaction, using your cycle.
(1)
Enthalpy change = kJ mol−1
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