Comment on the relative solubility in water of barium sulfate and calcium sulfate
at 298 K, using data from the table.
(6)
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(Total for Question 10 = 15 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 90 MARKS
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
*P71912A0228*
PMT
Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
3
Ionisation
energy
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
Chemists often use the term ‘orbital’ when considering atomic structure.
(a) State what is meant by the term orbital.
(2)
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(b) Draw diagrams to show the shape of an s and a p orbital.
(2)
s orbital p orbital
(c) What is the electronic configuration of a copper atom?
(1)
A [Ar]4s13d10
B [Ar]4s23d9
C [Ar]4s24p13d8
D [Ar]4s24p23d7
(Total for Question 2 = 5 marks)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
This question is about compounds containing elements from Group 7.
(a) Which change occurs when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to
potassium bromide?
(1)
A bromide ions oxidise sulfuric acid forming sulfur
B bromide ions oxidise sulfuric acid forming sulfur dioxide
C bromide ions reduce sulfuric acid forming sulfur
D bromide ions reduce sulfuric acid forming sulfur dioxide
(b) Chemists can test for the presence of bromide ions in solution by adding a small
amount of acidified silver nitrate solution.
The solubility of the precipitate in aqueous ammonia is then tested.
(i) Which statement is correct for bromide ions?
(1)
A a white precipitate forms that dissolves in concentrated
ammonia only
B a white precipitate forms that dissolves in both dilute and
concentrated ammonia
C a cream precipitate forms that dissolves in concentrated
ammonia only
D a cream precipitate forms that dissolves in both dilute and
concentrated ammonia
(ii) Give a reason why the silver nitrate must be acidified.
(1)
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(iii) Explain which acid needs to be used to acidify the silver nitrate solution and
why other acids are unsuitable.
(2)
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
6
When molten, it is suggested that it breaks down as shown.
I Cl ICl+ + ICl–
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
6 2 4
(i) Draw a labelled diagram of a simple experiment to confirm this dissociation
has occurred, stating the positive result.
(2)
Result
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(ii) What is the shape of the ICl– ion?
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
6
I Cl ICl+ + ICl–
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
6 2 4
What is the most likely numerical value of K for this equilibrium?
c
(1)
A 1.0 × 106
B 5.0 × 103
C 1.0
D 5.0 × 10–3
(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
4 2
colourless brown
(a) The table shows values of ΔG at different temperatures for this reaction.
Temperature / K ΔG / kJ mol–1
350 –4.0
400 –13
450 –22
500 –31
550 –40
(i) Plot a graph of ΔG against temperature.
(2)
ΔG / kJ mol–1
Temperature / K
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
4 2
colourless brown
(1)
Position of equilibrium Change in colour
A moves to the right mixture gets lighter
B moves to the right mixture gets darker
C moves to the left mixture gets lighter
D moves to the left mixture gets darker
(Total for Question 5 = 7 marks)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
4 3
complex ion [Cr(H O) ]3+(aq).
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
6
(i) State the colour of this complex ion.
(1)
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(ii) Explain why the aqueous solution of this complex ion has an acidic pH by
considering the interaction between the metal ion and the ligands.
(2)
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
7
agent made the statement shown.
‘Standard electrode potential data shows that it is never feasible
for a 1.00 mol dm–3 solution of potassium dichromate(VI) to oxidise
the chloride ions in hydrochloric acid.’
Comment on this statement using the data and equilibria shown.
Equilibrium 1
Cr O2–(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e– 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H O(l) Ed = +1.33 V
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
7 2
Equilibrium 2
Cl (aq) + 2e– 2Cl–(aq) Ed = +1.36 V
(i) Complete the diagram by adding appropriate species and state symbols to
the empty boxes.
(2)
(ii) Explain why the value for the first electron affinity of oxygen is negative and
the value for the second electron affinity is positive.
(3)
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
Show outer shell electrons only.
(1)
(b) The solubility of oxygen in water under standard conditions
is 1.22 × 10–3 mol dm–3.
Comment on this value by considering the type and strength of the
intermolecular forces in
• pure water
• pure oxygen
• a mixture of water and oxygen.
Detailed descriptions of the forces involved are not required.
(4)
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
2
• the precipitate was then dissolved using excess sulfuric acid, forming
Mn4+(aq) ions
MnO(OH) (s) + 4H+(aq) → Mn4+(aq) + 3H O(l)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
2
• excess potassium iodide solution was then added, forming iodine
Mn4+(aq) + 2I–(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + I (aq)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
• the liberated iodine was then titrated with sodium thiosulfate solution,
Na S O (aq), of concentration 0.00518 mol dm–3
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
2 3
I (aq) + 2S O2–(aq) → 2I–(aq) + S O2–(aq)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
2 3 4 6
• the mean volume of the titre of Na S O (aq) was 34.20 cm3.
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
2 3
(i) Calculate the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the sample of river water,
in g dm–3.
(5)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
2
B Mn3+(aq) + e– Mn2+(aq) +1.51
Explain why Mn3+ ions are unstable in aqueous solution.
Include an equation and the type of reaction that occurs.
(4)
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(Total for Question 10 = 15 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 90 MARKS
*P62668A0224*
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PMT
Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
This question is about acids and bases.
(a) What is the order of decreasing pH for 0.100 mol dm−3 solutions of these three acids?
(1)
A CH COOH > CH ClCOOH > HCl
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
3
D HCl > CH ClCOOH > CH COOH
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
3
(b) A solution of methanoic acid, HCOOH, has a concentration of 0.240 mol dm−3 and
a pH of 2.20.
Calculate the value of pK for methanoic acid.
a
(3)
(c) Which of these mixtures would form a buffer solution with a pH below 7?
(1)
A NaOH(aq) and excess HCl(aq)
B NaOH(aq) and excess CH COOH(aq)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
6
(i) Give the shape of this complex ion.
(1)
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(ii) Explain why the chromium complex ion is coloured.
(3)
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
6
complex ion is formed.
[Cr(H O) ]3+ + EDTA4− ⇌ [Cr(EDTA)]− + 6H O
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
6 2
The equilibrium constant for this equilibrium is 2.51 × 1023 dm3 mol−1.
By considering the equilibrium for this reaction and changes in entropy, comment
on the value of the equilibrium constant. No calculations are required.
(3)
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
gaseous chlorine, Cl (g), through the solution in the absence of air.
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).
The chlorine was reduced to chloride ions, according to the half-equation
Cl (g) + 2e− → 2Cl−(aq)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
[Molar volume of a gas at r.t.p. = 24.0 dm3 mol−1]
(i) Use these data to calculate the final oxidation state of vanadium.
You must show your working.
(5)
(ii) State the initial and final colours you would see as the chlorine bubbles
through the aqueous vanadium(II) chloride, VCl (aq).
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
(2)
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(Total for Question 3 = 18 marks)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2Cl−(aq)
Lattice energy MgCl (s) = −2526 kJ mol−1
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
Hydration enthalpy of Cl−(g) = − 381 kJ mol−1
Hydration enthalpy of Mg2+(g) = −1921 kJ mol−1
(1)
A +157
B −157
C +224
D −224
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
*P62668A01224*
DO
NOT
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IN
THIS
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IN
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PMT
*(c) The solubility of two compounds in different solvents was investigated.
A summary of the findings is shown.
Compound Soluble in water Soluble in hexane
2-methylpentane X
potassium bromide X
Explain the findings of the investigation by considering the interactions between
the compounds and each of the solvents.
(6)
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
dried. The mass of the dried sample was 0.174 g.
(i) Draw dot-and-cross diagrams for the ions in magnesium hydroxide.
Show the outer electrons only.
(2)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
2 3 2 2 4 2
CO (g) H O(l) CH CH OH(l) C H (g) O (g)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
2 3 2 2 4 2
SO / J K−1 mol−1 213.6 69.9 160.7 219.5 205.0
Calculate ∆SO for the reaction and hence determine whether the reaction is
total
feasible under standard conditions.
(5)
(Total for Question 6 = 12 marks)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
……………………………………………………………………………………
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2020
2 4
was added to a conical flask and warmed.
Sulfuric acid, of concentration 2 mol dm−3, was also added to the conical flask.
The KMnO solution was added to the flask from the burette, until the end-point.