A teacher demonstrates the electric field produced between two parallel metal plates.
The plates are connected to a variable power supply, as shown. The power supply has a
very large internal resistance and includes a voltmeter that indicates its output.
parallel plates
V
(a) (i) Add to the diagram to show the electric field between the two plates.
(3)
(ii) Explain why the reading on the voltmeter indicates the e.m.f. of the
power supply.
(2)
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*P74468A01224*
Question
Physics
Edexcel2024
A toy car moves up a slope at a constant speed, as shown. The car is moved by a motor
with a power output of 5.2 W. The car gains a gravitational potential energy of 0.40 J in
a time of 1.1 s.
Which of the following expressions gives the work done, in J, against resistive forces?
A 5.2 − (0.40 × 1.1)
B (5.2 × 1.1) − 0.40
C (5.2 ÷ 1.1) + 0.40
D (5.2 × 1.1) + 0.40
(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)
*P74468A0224*
Question
Physics
Edexcel2024
Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s
Proton mass m = 1.67 × 10−27 kg
p
Speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1
Stefan-Boltzmann constant σ = 5.67 × 10−8 W m−2 K−4
Unified atomic mass unit u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg
Mechanics Work, energy and power
Kinematic equations of motion ΔW = FΔs
(u + v)t
Question
Physics
Edexcel2024
P74468A 3
*P69442A02732*
Turn over
Turn over
PMT
Electric circuits Waves and particle nature of light
Potential difference Wave speed
W
v = f λ
V =
Q
Speed of a transverse wave on a string
Resistance
T
V v =
R = μ
I
Intensity of radiation
Electrical power and energy
P
P = VI I =
A
P = I 2R
Power of a lens
V 2
P = 1
R P =
f
W = VIt
P = P + P + P + …
Question
Physics
Edexcel2024
Turn over
PMT
(b) The power supply output is increased until sparks are heard and are seen in the
gap between the plates. Sparks form in air when the electric field strength exceeds
Question
Physics
Edexcel2024
Electrical power is transmitted from Norway to Britain using a cable laid under the
North Sea.
The following information is published on a website.
The cable has a diameter of 15 cm and a length of 720 km.
It is made of copper of resistivity 1.7 × 10–8 Ω m.
The electrical power transmitted from Norway is 1400 MW and the transmission potential
difference is 1100 kV.
The efficiency of this process is almost 100%.
Deduce, by calculation, whether the claim for efficiency is correct.
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(Total for Question 12 = 6 marks)
*P74468A0824*
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2024
This question is about ‘Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells’ which are being developed to power
small electronic devices.
The overall reaction in these fuel cells is shown.
C H OH(l) + 3O (g) → 3H O(l) + 2CO (g)
Regenerative braking supplies a current back to the power transmission system whilst
slowing a vehicle. The arrangement shown can be used as a regenerative braking system
on a train.
N S
coil connected to wheels
to power transmission system
copper rings
carbon block
The coil rotates with the wheels of the train. Two copper rings are connected to the ends
of the coil. The rings rotate with the coil and two carbon blocks make electrical contact
with the rings as they rotate.
(a) Describe how this arrangement can be used as a regenerative brake.
(4)
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*P74468A01924*
Question
Physics
Edexcel2024
P =
t
v2 = u2 + 2as W
P =
t
Forces
useful energy output
efficiency =
∑F = ma
total energy input
F
g = useful power output
m efficiency =
total power input
W = mg
moment of force = Fx
Momentum
p = mv
7
agent made the statement shown.
‘Standard electrode potential data shows that it is never feasible
for a 1.00 mol dm–3 solution of potassium dichromate(VI) to oxidise
the chloride ions in hydrochloric acid.’
Comment on this statement using the data and equilibria shown.
Equilibrium 1
Cr O2–(aq) + 14H+(aq) + 6e– 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H O(l) Ed = +1.33 V
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
7 2
Equilibrium 2
Cl (aq) + 2e– 2Cl–(aq) Ed = +1.36 V
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
6
(i) State the colour of this complex ion.
(1)
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(ii) Explain why the aqueous solution of this complex ion has an acidic pH by
considering the interaction between the metal ion and the ligands.
(2)
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
4
by manganate(VII) ions, MnO–(aq).
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
2
• the precipitate was then dissolved using excess sulfuric acid, forming
Mn4+(aq) ions
MnO(OH) (s) + 4H+(aq) → Mn4+(aq) + 3H O(l)
A sinusoidal wave of frequency 75 kHz is to be amplitude modulated by a wave of
frequency 5.0kHz.
(a) Explain what is meant by amplitude modulation.
[2]
(b) On the axes of Fig. 10.1, sketch a graph to show the variation with frequency f of the
power P of the modulated wave. Give labelled values on the frequency axis. [3]
P
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
Chemists often use the term ‘orbital’ when considering atomic structure.
(a) State what is meant by the term orbital.
(2)
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(b) Draw diagrams to show the shape of an s and a p orbital.
(2)
s orbital p orbital
(c) What is the electronic configuration of a copper atom?
(1)
A [Ar]4s13d10
B [Ar]4s23d9
C [Ar]4s24p13d8
D [Ar]4s24p23d7
(Total for Question 2 = 5 marks)
Question
Physics
Edexcel2023
*P71915A01728*
Turn over
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PMT
(b) An advert for an electric car has the following information:
• electric motor can develop up to 390 kW output power
• car achieves a velocity of 28 m s–1 from rest in 4.0 s at maximum power
Calculate the work done by resistive forces when the car accelerates to a velocity of
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
All quantities are measured in kJ mol–1.
–2969
2Ag+(g) + O2–(g) Ag O(s)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
Benzoic acid is a weak acid found in cranberries.
OH
C
O
C H COOH – benzoic acid
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
5 3 6 5 2 3
A acid base acid base
B acid base base acid
C base acid base acid
D base acid acid base
(b) The ionic salts sodium benzoate and potassium benzoate are both used as
food preservatives.
Explain why the melting temperature of sodium benzoate is higher than the
melting temperature of potassium benzoate.
(2)
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
5 6 5 2 2
(i) Which of these could be used to show the end‑point of a titration
of benzoic acid with sodium hydroxide solution?
(1)
A bromothymol blue
B litmus
C methyl orange
D phenolphthalein
(ii) Another weak acid found in cranberries is quinic acid, C H (OH) COOH.
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
7 4
It is neutralised by sodium hydroxide solution in a similar way to benzoic acid.
A 25.0 cm3 sample of 0.500 mol dm–3 quinic acid solution was neutralised
under standard conditions in a polystyrene cup using 25.0 cm3 of
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
(i) Complete the diagram by adding appropriate species and state symbols to
the empty boxes.
(2)
(ii) Explain why the value for the first electron affinity of oxygen is negative and
the value for the second electron affinity is positive.
(3)
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Question
Mathematics
CAIE2023
Find the first four terms in the expansion of (2 + 3x)⁵ in ascending powers of x.
[4 marks]
Physics
Edexcel2023
In a boiler, energy is transferred to water at a rate of 40 kW. The corresponding power
loss from the boiler to the surroundings is 4.0 kW.
Which of the following is the efficiency of this boiler?
A 0.10
B 0.11
C 0.90
D 0.91
(Total for Question 6 = 1 mark)
A battery of e.m.f. 12 V and internal resistance 0.5 Ω is connected to an external resistor of 4.5 Ω.
(a) Calculate the current in the circuit.
(b) Calculate the terminal potential difference of the battery.
(c) Calculate the power dissipated in the external resistor.
(d) State and explain what happens to the terminal p.d. as the external resistance is decreased.
[7 marks]
Physics
Edexcel2023
P =
t
v2 = u2 + 2as W
P =
t Forces
useful energy output
efficiency =
∑F = ma
total energy input
F
g = useful power output
m efficiency =
total power input
W = mg
moment of force = Fx
Momentum
p = mv
Turn over
*P71915A02428*
DO
NOT
WRITE
IN
THIS
AREA
DO
NOT
WRITE
IN
THIS
AREA
DO
NOT
WRITE
IN
THIS
AREA
AERA
SIHT
NI
ETIRW
TON
OD
AERA
SIHT
NI
ETIRW
TON
OD
AERA
SIHT
NI
ETIRW
TON
OD
PMT
Electric circuits Waves and particle nature of light
Potential difference Wave speed
W
v = f λ
V =
Q
Speed of a transverse wave on a string
Resistance
T
V v =
R = μ
I
Intensity of radiation
Electrical power and energy
P
P = VI I =
A
P = I 2R
Power of a lens
V 2
P = 1
R P =
f
W = VIt
P = P + P + P + …
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
Show outer shell electrons only.
(1)
(b) The solubility of oxygen in water under standard conditions
is 1.22 × 10–3 mol dm–3.
Comment on this value by considering the type and strength of the
intermolecular forces in
• pure water
• pure oxygen
• a mixture of water and oxygen.
Detailed descriptions of the forces involved are not required.
(4)
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Question
Physics
Edexcel2023
005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03
–2
t / s
–4
–6
The corresponding graph of V against t is also shown as a continuous line.
Deduce whether the capacitor dissipates power over one cycle of the a.c. supply.
(4)
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(Total for Question 18 = 13 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 90 MARKS
Question
Physics
Edexcel2023
Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s
Proton mass m = 1.67 × 10−27 kg
p
Speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1
Stefan‑Boltzmann constant σ = 5.67 × 10−8 W m−2 K−4
Unified atomic mass unit u = 1.66 × 10−27 kg
Mechanics Work, energy and power
Kinematic equations of motion ΔW = FΔs
(u + v)t
*P71912A0228*
PMT
Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
3
Ionisation
energy
Question
Physics
Edexcel2023
Electric vehicles use a direct current (d.c.) electric motor powered by a battery for
propulsion. A simplified diagram of a d.c. electric motor is shown.
A split ring consists of two semi‑circular sections that are attached to a coil. The coil is
labelled ABCD. Two brushes, made of carbon, rub against and make electrical contact
with the split ring.
coil
axis
C B
magnet
N S
D A
split ring brush
*(a) Describe how this arrangement can lead to the coil rotating.
(6)
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Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
6
When molten, it is suggested that it breaks down as shown.
I Cl ICl+ + ICl–
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
6 2 4
(i) Draw a labelled diagram of a simple experiment to confirm this dissociation
has occurred, stating the positive result.
(2)
Result
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(ii) What is the shape of the ICl– ion?
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
6
I Cl ICl+ + ICl–
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
6 2 4
What is the most likely numerical value of K for this equilibrium?
c
(1)
A 1.0 × 106
B 5.0 × 103
C 1.0
D 5.0 × 10–3
(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
*P71912A0628*
PMT
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
4 2
colourless brown
(a) The table shows values of ΔG at different temperatures for this reaction.
Temperature / K ΔG / kJ mol–1
350 –4.0
400 –13
450 –22
500 –31
550 –40
(i) Plot a graph of ΔG against temperature.
(2)
ΔG / kJ mol–1
Temperature / K
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
4 2
colourless brown
(1)
Position of equilibrium Change in colour
A moves to the right mixture gets lighter
B moves to the right mixture gets darker
C moves to the left mixture gets lighter
D moves to the left mixture gets darker
(Total for Question 5 = 7 marks)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
2
• excess potassium iodide solution was then added, forming iodine
Mn4+(aq) + 2I–(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + I (aq)
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
5
(a) Which of these answers identifies the types of species present when benzoic acid
is mixed with nitric acid?
[K of benzoic acid = 6.3 × 10–5 mol dm–3; K of nitric acid = 40 mol dm–3]
a a
(1)
C H COOH + HNO C H COOH+ + NO–
Question
Mathematics
Edexcel2023
• the liberated iodine was then titrated with sodium thiosulfate solution,
Na S O (aq), of concentration 0.00518 mol dm–3