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Physics

Edexcel2024

Which of the following could not be accelerated in a LINAC? A electron B helium atom C proton D uranium ion (Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

Question

Physics

Edexcel2024

Capacitance Q C = V  PMT Nuclear and particle physics Radioactive decay A = λN In a magnetic field dN p = −λN r = dt BQ ln 2 λ = t ½ Thermodynamics N = N e−λt Heating 0 A = A e−λt

Question

Physics

Edexcel2024

The decay of a positive muon produced a positron, an electron neutrino and a muon antineutrino. The diagram shows the tracks formed in a particle detector. muon positron (a) A muon belongs to a family of particles called leptons. State two features that all particles in the lepton family have in common. (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. (b) Write a nuclear equation for the decay of the muon (μ) described above. (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. *P74468A01024* 

Question

Physics

Edexcel2024

Beams of antiprotons are often used in particle physics experiments. (a) Show that the rest mass of an antiproton is about 900 MeV / c2. (4) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. (b) Antiprotons can be produced by accelerating and colliding two protons moving in opposite directions. A website suggests a possible outcome for a collision between these protons is described by the nuclear equation: p + p → p + p + p + p Deduce, by using conservation laws, whether it should be possible to produce an antiproton in this way. (4) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. (Total for Question 13 = 8 marks) *P74468A0924* 

Question

Physics

Edexcel2023

!"#%%&'(#!)"#%*&'()!*"+,"-(."/"-(0(1*/#',"*(23)(4'(!56%4,%( 7#89-"(1%%"%%8"':(;#:"4#-%(<(=%%>"(?(<(@,:&A"(BC?D(E(!"#%&'()*>,#:4&'(.484:"*(BC?D PMT ! (cid:55)he (cid:47)arge (cid:43)adron Collider is designed to accelerate protons to (cid:89)er(cid:92) high energies for !"#

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Physics

Edexcel2023

A subatomic particle consists of the quark combination u s . Which of the following is the classification for this particle? A baryon B lepton C meson D nucleon (Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

Question

Physics

Edexcel2023

Capacitance Q C = V *P71915A02628* DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA AERA SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD AERA SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD AERA SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD PMT Nuclear and particle physics Radioactive decay A = λN In a magnetic field dN p = −λN r = dt BQ ln 2 λ = t ½ Thermodynamics N = N e−λt Heating 0 A = A e−λt

Question

Physics

Edexcel2023

A delta particle decays into a proton and a pion. (a) The diagram shows tracks in a particle detector formed when the delta particle decays. pion proton (i) State why it can be concluded from the diagram that the delta particle is neutral. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. (ii) Deduce the charge on the pion. (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. (iii) Complete the particle equation for the decay of the delta (Δ0) particle. (1) Δ0 → (iv) State why the delta particle must be classified as a baryon based on the evidence of its decay. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Question

Physics

Edexcel2022

A cosmic ray, consisting of a fast‑moving proton, collides with a proton within the nucleus of an atom in the upper atmosphere. Three particles, a proton, a neutron and a pion result from the collision. (a) Write a particle equation for this collision. (2) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (b) The table shows the properties of two quarks. Quark Charge / e u +2 / 3 d −1 / 3 Give the quark structure for each of the particles produced by this collision. (3) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (c) The mass of a pion is 140 MeV / c2 . Calculate the mass of the pion in kg. (3) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Mass = kg ....................................................... 

Question

Physics

Edexcel2022

A particle has a mass of 1 u and a charge of −1.6 × 10−19 C. Which of the following could be the particle? A antiproton B electron C neutron D positron (Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

Question

Physics

Edexcel2022

A series of experiments was carried out in the 1970s to investigate the structure of protons using the linac at Stanford, USA. *( a) Explain how an electron is accelerated in a linac. (6) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (b) The electron leaves the accelerator with a high energy. Explain why electrons need high energies to investigate the structure of a proton. (2) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 

Question

Physics

Edexcel2022

*P69306A01928* Turn over PMT (d) The mass of a neutron is about the same as the mass of a proton. A student suggests that the minimum kinetic energy the cosmic ray proton would need to create the pion in this collision is 140 MeV. Discuss whether this suggestion is correct. Your answer should include reference to the laws of conservation of momentum and conservation of energy. (4) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (Total for Question 17 = 12 marks) 

Question

Physics

Edexcel2022

*P69306A02728* PMT Nuclear and particle physics Radioactive decay A = λN In a magnetic field dN p = −λN r = dt BQ ln 2 λ = t ½ Thermodynamics N = N e−λt Heating 0 A = A e−λt

Question

Physics

Edexcel2022

*P69306A01528* Turn over PMT (c) An electron leaves the accelerator with a momentum of 20 GeV / c. (i) Explain, with reference to base units, why GeV / c can be used as a unit of momentum. (2) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (ii) An electron with initial momentum 20 GeV / c collides with a stationary proton. After the collision the electron is deflected by an angle of 20° as shown and its momentum is 9.1 GeV / c. The momentum of the proton after the collision is

Question

Physics

Edexcel2021

*P67096A03132* PMT Nuclear and particle physics Radioactive decay A = λN In a magnetic field dN p = −λN r = dt BQ ln 2 λ = t ½ Thermodynamics N = N e−λt Heating 0 A = A e−λt

Question

Physics

Edexcel2021

The π− particle has a mass of 140 MeV / c2. Which row of the table is correct for the antiparticle of a π− ? Particle Mass / MeV/c2 classification A Baryon +140 B Baryon −140 C Meson +140 D Meson −140 (Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

Question

Physics

Edexcel2021

The bubble chamber photograph shows tracks made by a proton and a pion. The proton and pion were both created by the decay of a lambda particle. No other particles were produced. *( a) Explain how observations and measurements from the photograph can be used to establish information about the lambda particle. (6) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Question

Physics

Edexcel2021

*P67096A02232* PMT (b) The lambda particle consists of up, down and strange quarks. Explain how the conservation of charge, baryon number and lepton number apply to the decay of the lambda particle. (3) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (c) Write an equation to represent the decay of the lambda (Λ) particle. (1) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (d) The rest mass of the lambda particle is 1115 MeV / c2. (i) Calculate this mass in kg. (3) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Mass = kg .......................................................

Question

Physics

Edexcel2021

*P67096A02332* Turn over PMT (ii) The rest mass of a proton is 940 MeV / c2. The rest mass of a pion is 140 MeV / c2. The kinetic energy of the lambda particle just before decay is 4.95 GeV. Calculate the total kinetic energy of the proton and pion in MeV. (3) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Total kinetic energy = MeV ....................................................... (Total for Question 16 = 16 marks)

Question

Physics

Edexcel2020

*P61864RA02328* Turn over PMT (c) According to the standard model, the pion and muon are classified within two different groups of particles. State which group each particle belongs to and describe the two groups. (4) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. (d) The momentum of the pion just before it decays is 9.1 × 10 −20 N s. Determine the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field which acts in the detector and state its direction. Scale of diagram 1 cm represents 10 cm pion charge = −1.6 × 10 −19 C (4) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Magnetic flux density = ...................................................... Direction of magnetic field = ...............................................................................................................................

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Physics

Edexcel2020

A proton has a mass of 1.67 × 10 −27 kg. Which of the following shows the conversion of this mass to GeV/c2 ?

Question

Physics

Edexcel2020

A high-energy proton can interact with a photon to produce two particles. Which of the following could be the two particles produced? A n + π 0 B n + π+ C π 0 + π+ D π− + π+ (Total for Question 5 = 1 mark)

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Physics

Edexcel2020

Which row of the table summarises the mass and charge of an antineutron? Mass / u Charge / e A 0 0 B 0 −1 C 1 0 D 1 +1 (Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

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Physics

Edexcel2020

A negatively charged pion decays into a muon and an antineutrino. The diagram shows tracks in a particle detector formed in such an event. muon pion (a) Deduce whether the antineutrino is charged, giving two reasons for your decision. (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. (b) Write a particle equation to represent this decay. (1) ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Question

Physics

Edexcel2020

*P61864RA02828* PMT Nuclear and particle physics Radioactive decay A = λN In a magnetic field dN p = −λN r = dt BQ ln 2 λ = t ½ Thermodynamics N = N e−λt Heating 0 A = A e−λt

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