Search results for "PCR"

Search Past Papers

Found 4 results

Biology

CAIE2024

(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:44) (c) The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to make many copies of a gene. Three temperatures are used in a PCR cycle. State the three temperatures that are used, and outline what happens at each temperature during a PCR cycle. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [3] [Total: 9] © UCLES 2024 (cid:300) (cid:300) (cid:207) (cid:228) (cid:266) (cid:199) (cid:190) (cid:252) (cid:288) (cid:220) (cid:180) (cid:297) (cid:237) (cid:285) (cid:200) (cid:298) (cid:245) (cid:207) (cid:207) (cid:238) (cid:298) (cid:264) (cid:197) (cid:199) (cid:266) (cid:284) (cid:223) (cid:298) (cid:249) (cid:238) (cid:183) (cid:291) (cid:258) (cid:269) (cid:215) (cid:258) 9700/43/O/N/24 [Turn over (cid:293)(cid:229)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:213) NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD PMT * 0000800000020 *

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:10)(cid:44) (c) The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to make many copies of a gene. Three temperatures are used in a PCR cycle. State the three temperatures that are used, and outline what happens at each temperature during a PCR cycle. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [3] [Total: 9] © UCLES 2024 (cid:300) (cid:300) (cid:207) (cid:298) (cid:266) (cid:183) (cid:190) (cid:242) (cid:288) (cid:220) (cid:180) (cid:296) (cid:237) (cid:254) (cid:200) (cid:278) (cid:245) (cid:207) (cid:207) (cid:238) (cid:298) (cid:251) (cid:197) (cid:178) (cid:266) (cid:264) (cid:223) (cid:215) (cid:251) (cid:239) (cid:184) (cid:235) (cid:258) (cid:240) (cid:215) (cid:258) 9700/41/O/N/24 [Turn over (cid:293)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:213) NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD PMT * 0000800000020 *

Question

Biology

CAIE2022

The polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) is used to produce large quantities of DNA from a very small original sample. The main steps of one PCR method are shown in F ig. 4.1. step 1 heat mixture of DNA, Taq polymerase, primers and nucleotides to 95°C step 2 repeat step 1 to step 3 cool mixture to 65°C step 3 incubate mixture at 72°C Fig. 4. 1 ( a) ( i) (cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81) (cid:90)(cid:75)(cid:92) (cid:76)(cid:87) (cid:76)(cid:86) (cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:92) (cid:87)(cid:82) (cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:87) (cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72) (cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:91)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72) (cid:87)(cid:82) (cid:28)(cid:24)(cid:3031)(cid:131)(cid:38) (cid:11)step 1 ) . ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [2] ( ii) Explain why primers are included in the mixture. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [2] © UCLES 2019 97 00/04/SP/22 PMT

Question

Biology

CAIE2022

3 ( iii) Explain why the enzym e Taq polymerase, rather than any other type of DNA polymerase, is used in PCR. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [2] ( b) The presence of a faulty allele of the gene BRCA2 can lead to an increased chance of developing breast cancer. There are many different faulty alleles of the gene BRCA2. People who are considered to be at risk of breast cancer may choose to be tested for the presence of these alleles in their genomes. A microarray can be used to test blood samples for the presence of these alleles. The microarray contains DNA probes for different faulty alleles of the BRCA2 gene. ( i) State the meaning of the term genome. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [1] ( ii) Suggest which type of cell from a blood sample is suitable for testing for the presence of these faulty alleles. G ive a reason for your choice. type of cell ......................................................................................................................... reason ............................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... [1] © UCLES 2019 97 00/04/SP/22 [Turn over PMT

Question