P =
t
v2 = u2 + 2as W
P =
t
Forces
useful energy output
efficiency =
∑F = ma
total energy input
F
g = useful power output
m efficiency =
total power input
W = mg
moment of force = Fx
Momentum
p = mv
Question
Physics
Edexcel2024
Turn over
PMT
(ii) Determine the initial momentum of the alpha particle.
(3)
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Initial momentum =
.......................................................
(c) An alpha particle moves along a path directly towards a gold nucleus, as shown.
alpha particle gold nucleus
(i) An elastic interaction occurs and the alpha particle recoils.
State what is meant by an elastic interaction.
(1)
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) State what happens to the atoms in the gold foil as a result of these interactions.
(1)
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(Total for Question 17 = 12 marks)
*P74468A01724*
*P71915A01528*
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(v) Explain how the momentum of the proton compares with the momentum of
the pion.
(3)
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(b) The mass of the delta particle is 1232 MeV/c2.
(i) Calculate the mass of the delta particle in kg.
(3)
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Mass = kg
..............................................................
(ii) The mass of the proton is 939 MeV/c2 and the mass of the pion is 139 MeV/c2.
Explain why the sum of the masses of the two particles after the decay is not
equal to the mass of the delta particle.
(3)
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(Total for Question 15 = 14 marks)
*P71915A01628*
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Question
Physics
Edexcel2023
8 m s–1 at an angle of 50° to the horizontal.
(i) Show that the magnitude of the momentum of the ball, after it was hit, was
about 3.3 N s.
mass of cricket ball = 0.140 kg
(1)
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(ii) The vector diagram below shows, accurately to scale, the momentum of the ball
and the momentum of the bat before the hit.
Determine, by completing the vector diagram, the momentum of the bat after it
hit the ball.
momentum of bat before hitting ball = 15.0 N s at 25° to the horizontal
momentum of ball before hitting bat = 4.6 N s at 10° to the horizontal
(5)
p before
bat
hit
25°
10°
p before
ball
being hit
Momentum of bat after hitting ball =
..............................................................
at an angle of to the horizontal
..............................................................
(Total for Question 17 = 11 marks)
*P71915A02028*
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Question
Physics
Edexcel2023
P =
t
v2 = u2 + 2as W
P =
t Forces
useful energy output
efficiency =
∑F = ma
total energy input
F
g = useful power output
m efficiency =
total power input
W = mg
moment of force = Fx
Momentum
p = mv
Turn over
*P71915A02428*
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PMT
Electric circuits Waves and particle nature of light
Potential difference Wave speed
W
v = f λ
V =
Q
Speed of a transverse wave on a string
Resistance
T
V v =
R = μ
I
Intensity of radiation
Electrical power and energy
P
P = VI I =
A
P = I 2R
Power of a lens
V 2
P = 1
R P =
f
W = VIt
P = P + P + P + …
A car of mass 1200 kg is travelling at 20 m/s when the driver applies the brakes. The car decelerates uniformly and stops after 5 seconds.
(a) Calculate the deceleration of the car.
(b) Calculate the braking force.
(c) Calculate the momentum of the car before braking.
(d) State Newton's second law of motion in terms of momentum.
[6 marks]
Physics
Edexcel2022
Which of the following quantities is a vector?
A charge
B mass
C momentum
D time
(Total for Question 7 = 1 mark)
Question
Physics
Edexcel2022
9 GeV / c.
initial direction
of electron 20°
proton
Deduce whether the law of conservation of momentum is obeyed.
(3)
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(iii) The collisions between electrons and the protons in these experiments are
sometimes inelastic.
State what is meant by an inelastic collision.
(1)
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question 15 = 14 marks)
Question
Physics
Edexcel2022
*P69306A01928*
Turn over
PMT
(d) The mass of a neutron is about the same as the mass of a proton. A student suggests
that the minimum kinetic energy the cosmic ray proton would need to create the
pion in this collision is 140 MeV.
Discuss whether this suggestion is correct. Your answer should include reference to
the laws of conservation of momentum and conservation of energy.
(4)
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(Total for Question 17 = 12 marks)
Question
Physics
Edexcel2022
The velocity v of a non‑relativistic particle can be expressed in terms of combinations of
the following quantities: kinetic energy E , momentum p and mass m.
k
Which of the following expressions is correct?
p2
A v =
m
Question
Physics
Edexcel2022
*P69306A01528*
Turn over
PMT
(c) An electron leaves the accelerator with a momentum of 20 GeV / c.
(i) Explain, with reference to base units, why GeV / c can be used as a unit of
momentum.
(2)
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(ii) An electron with initial momentum 20 GeV / c collides with a stationary proton.
After the collision the electron is deflected by an angle of 20° as shown and its
momentum is 9.1 GeV / c. The momentum of the proton after the collision is
Question
Physics
Edexcel2022
P =
t
v2 = u2 + 2as W
P =
t
Forces
useful energy output
efficiency =
∑F = ma
total energy input
F
g = useful power output
m efficiency =
total power input
W = mg
moment of force = Fx
Momentum
p = mv
Question
Physics
Edexcel2021
P =
t
v2 = u2 + 2as W
P =
t
Forces
useful energy output
efficiency =
∑F = ma
total energy input
F
g = useful power output
m efficiency =
total power input
W = mg
moment of force = Fx
Momentum
p = mv
Question
Physics
Edexcel2020
Which of the following is an example of a scalar quantity?
A displacement
B energy
C momentum
D velocity
(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)
Question
Physics
Edexcel2020
*P61864RA02328*
Turn over
PMT
(c) According to the standard model, the pion and muon are classified within two
different groups of particles.
State which group each particle belongs to and describe the two groups.
(4)
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(d) The momentum of the pion just before it decays is 9.1 × 10 −20 N s.
Determine the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field which acts in the detector
and state its direction.
Scale of diagram 1 cm represents 10 cm
pion charge = −1.6 × 10 −19 C
(4)
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Magnetic flux density =
......................................................
Direction of magnetic field =
...............................................................................................................................
Question
Physics
Edexcel2020
*P61864RA02428*
PMT
(e) Use a vector diagram to determine the momentum of the antineutrino.
The initial momentum of the muon is 1.59 × 10 −19 N s.
(5)
Momentum of antineutrino =
.............................................................................................................
Direction of antineutrino =
.............................................................................................................
(Total for Question 18 = 16 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER = 90 MARKS
Question
Physics
Edexcel2020
P =
t
v2 = u2 + 2as W
P =
t
Forces
useful energy output
efficiency =
∑F = ma
total energy input
F
g = useful power output
m efficiency =
total power input
W = mg
moment of force = Fx
Momentum
p = mv