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Physics

Edexcel2024

Over one hundred years ago, Rutherford supervised a series of experiments using a source of alpha particles and thin gold foil. (a) Describe the model of the atom that Rutherford proposed as a result of this series of experiments. (3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. (b) The initial kinetic energy of an alpha (4α) particle is 7.3 × 10−13 J.

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Biology

CAIE2024

hours You must answer on the question paper. No additional materials are needed. INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● You may use a calculator. ● You should show all your working and use appropriate units. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 100. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. This document has 24 pages. [Turn over *3337887198* PMT * 0000800000001 * (cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:44) (cid:172)(cid:79)(cid:138)(cid:62)(cid:160)(cid:52)(cid:109)(cid:72)(cid:117)(cid:79)(cid:170)(cid:69)(cid:138)(cid:96)(cid:124)(cid:53)(cid:128)(cid:87) (cid:172)(cid:96)(cid:75)(cid:113)(cid:84)(cid:164)(cid:157)(cid:117)(cid:96)(cid:139)(cid:133)(cid:144)(cid:59)(cid:49)(cid:161)(cid:147)(cid:149)(cid:130) (cid:165)(cid:149)(cid:117)(cid:85)(cid:53)(cid:53)(cid:101)(cid:53)(cid:53)(cid:101)(cid:101)(cid:69)(cid:69)(cid:85)(cid:101)(cid:85)(cid:53)(cid:85) DC (PB/SG) 336398/4 © UCLES 2024 * 0000800000002 *

Question

Physics

CAIE2024

0 × 1014 Hz and 11 × 1014 Hz. On Fig. 8.1, sketch the variation with f of the maximum kinetic energy E of the emitted MAX electrons. Use the space below for any working that you need.

Question

Physics

CAIE2024

(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:4)(cid:44) (b) The mass of the sphere is 0.15 kg. (i) State the amplitude of the oscillations. amplitude = ...................................................... m [1] (ii) Determine the angular frequency of the oscillations. angular frequency = .............................................. rad s–1 [2] (iii) Calculate the total energy of the oscillations. total energy = ....................................................... J [2] (c) On Fig. 5.3, sketch the variation with x of the kinetic energy E of the sphere. K

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Physics

CAIE2024

0 × 1014 Hz and 11 × 1014 Hz. On Fig. 8.1, sketch the variation with f of the maximum kinetic energy E of the emitted MAX electrons. Use the space below for any working that you need.

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Physics

Edexcel2024

Kinetic energy of a non-relativistic particle 1 Q 2 W =

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Biology

CAIE2024

.......

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

Several different processes can affect allele frequencies in populations. (a) Outline the processes that may affect allele frequencies in wildlife populations. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [6] (b) The process of selective breeding changes allele frequencies in a population. Plant breeders use selective breeding to improve crop plants such as maize. Explain how selective breeding can be used to obtain a variety of maize where the plants are vigorous and of uniform height. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [3] [Total: 9] (cid:300)(cid:205)(cid:266)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:223)(cid:250)(cid:183)(cid:256)(cid:215) © UCLES 2024 (cid:300)(cid:224)(cid:202)(cid:244)(cid:217)(cid:300)(cid:279)(cid:294)(cid:213)(cid:254)(cid:261)(cid:173)(cid:245)(cid:271)(cid:231)(cid:187)(cid:277)(cid:258) 9700/42/O/N/24 (cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:213)(cid:277)(cid:213) NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD PMT * 0000800000005 *

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Biology

CAIE2024

(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:44)

Question

Biology

CAIE2023

[4] [Total: 8]  UCLES 2007 9700/4/SP07 final [Turn over PPMMTT

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Physics

Edexcel2023

Kinetic energy of a non‑relativistic particle 1 Q 2 W =

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Biology

CAIE2023

Fig. 2.1 shows the main stages of the Calvin cycle. (a) State precisely where the Calvin cycle occurs in plant cells. [1] (b) Describe how carbon dioxide is fixed in the Calvin cycle. [2] (c) Explain how the products of photophosphorylation are used in the Calvin cycle. [3] (d) Explain what initially happens to the concentration of RuBP and GP if the supply of carbon dioxide is reduced. RuBP GP [2] [Total: 8]  UCLES 2007 9700/4/SP07 final PPMMTT

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Biology

CAIE2023

For Examiner's Use

Question

Biology

CAIE2023

[2] [Total: 8]  UCLES 2007 9700/4/SP07 final [Turn over PPMMTT

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Biology

CAIE2023

0.20 0.10

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Biology

CAIE2023

cross pollination

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Physics

CAIE2023

Light of wavelength 450 nm is incident on a metal surface. The work function of the metal is 3.2 × 10⁻¹⁹ J. (a) Calculate the energy of a photon of this light. (b) Determine whether the photoelectric effect will occur. (c) If the photoelectric effect does occur, calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons. [h = 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J s, c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s]

[6 marks]

Physics

Edexcel2022

An alpha particle with initial kinetic energy 8.8 × 10−13 J approaches a nucleus of a gold (197Au) atom.

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Physics

Edexcel2022

The velocity v of a non‑relativistic particle can be expressed in terms of combinations of the following quantities: kinetic energy E , momentum p and mass m. k Which of the following expressions is correct? p2 A v = m

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Physics

Edexcel2022

Kinetic energy of a non‑relativistic particle 1 Q 2 W =

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Physics

Edexcel2022

*P69306A01928* Turn over PMT (d) The mass of a neutron is about the same as the mass of a proton. A student suggests that the minimum kinetic energy the cosmic ray proton would need to create the pion in this collision is 140 MeV. Discuss whether this suggestion is correct. Your answer should include reference to the laws of conservation of momentum and conservation of energy. (4) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (Total for Question 17 = 12 marks) 

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Physics

Edexcel2021

Kinetic energy of a non-relativistic particle 1 Q 2 W =

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Physics

Edexcel2021

The aluminium foil had the same thickness as the gold foil and the alpha particles had the same initial kinetic energy. The following observations were made. Observation 1: The fraction of alpha particles scattered at any particular angle for aluminium foil was always much less than for gold foil. Observation 2: The alpha particles scattered from aluminium foil had less kinetic energy than the alpha particles scattered from gold foil. Explain how these observations can be used to deduce how an aluminium nucleus compares to a gold nucleus. (4) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. (Total for Question 15 = 12 marks)

Question

Physics

Edexcel2021

*P67096A02332* Turn over PMT (ii) The rest mass of a proton is 940 MeV / c2. The rest mass of a pion is 140 MeV / c2. The kinetic energy of the lambda particle just before decay is 4.95 GeV. Calculate the total kinetic energy of the proton and pion in MeV. (3) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Total kinetic energy = MeV ....................................................... (Total for Question 16 = 16 marks)

Question

Physics

Edexcel2020

Kinetic energy of a non-relativistic particle 1 Q 2 W =

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