Search results for "Impulse"

Biology

CAIE2024

(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:44)

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

Different species of animal have neurones with different characteristics. (a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of a motor neurone of a rat and a motor neurone of a snail. axon (diameter of 7 μm) rat motor neurone Schwann cell C A B cell body snail motor neurone axon (diameter of 40 μm) Fig. 1.1 (i) Name the structures labelled A, B and C on Fig. 1.1. A ........................................................................................................................................ B ........................................................................................................................................ C ........................................................................................................................................ [3] (ii) The rat motor neurone has an impulse transmission speed of 50 m s–1. The snail motor neurone has an impulse transmission speed of 8 m s–1. Explain why the rat motor neurone has a faster impulse transmission speed than the snail motor neurone. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [2] (cid:300)(cid:205)(cid:266)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:250)(cid:184)(cid:254)(cid:215) © UCLES 2024 (cid:300)(cid:298)(cid:184)(cid:243)(cid:206)(cid:294)(cid:277)(cid:280)(cid:212)(cid:265)(cid:244)(cid:225)(cid:272)(cid:254)(cid:190)(cid:179)(cid:248)(cid:258) 9700/41/O/N/24 (cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:213) NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD PMT * 0000800000003 *

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:44)

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

Different species of animal have neurones with different characteristics. (a) Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of a motor neurone of a rat and a motor neurone of a snail. axon (diameter of 7 μm) rat motor neurone Schwann cell C A B cell body snail motor neurone axon (diameter of 40 μm) Fig. 1.1 (i) Name the structures labelled A, B and C on Fig. 1.1. A ........................................................................................................................................ B ........................................................................................................................................ C ........................................................................................................................................ [3] (ii) The rat motor neurone has an impulse transmission speed of 50 m s–1. The snail motor neurone has an impulse transmission speed of 8 m s–1. Explain why the rat motor neurone has a faster impulse transmission speed than the snail motor neurone. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [2] (cid:300)(cid:205)(cid:266)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:221)(cid:252)(cid:183)(cid:254)(cid:215) © UCLES 2024 (cid:300)(cid:228)(cid:200)(cid:249)(cid:206)(cid:299)(cid:246)(cid:300)(cid:212)(cid:265)(cid:255)(cid:216)(cid:260)(cid:179)(cid:191)(cid:251)(cid:277)(cid:258) 9700/43/O/N/24 (cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:213) NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD PMT * 0000800000003 *

Question

Physics

Edexcel2024

Impulse W = QV

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

second sample population size = ......................................................... [2] [Total: 10] The boundaries and names shown, the designations used and the presentation of material on any maps contained in this question paper/insert do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by Cambridge Assessment International Education concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area or any of its authorities, or of the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge. (cid:300)(cid:209)(cid:266)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:251)(cid:181)(cid:260)(cid:215) © UCLES 2024 (cid:300)(cid:298)(cid:184)(cid:242)(cid:215)(cid:286)(cid:294)(cid:272)(cid:215)(cid:249)(cid:266)(cid:203)(cid:296)(cid:223)(cid:270)(cid:259)(cid:256)(cid:258) 9700/41/O/N/24 (cid:293)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:213) NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD PMT

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

unmarked) captured in second sample m = number of marked individuals recaptured in

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

N = estimate of population size n = number of individuals captured in first sample

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

The leaves of many plants have stomata that show a regular daily rhythm of opening and closing over a period of 24 hours. (a) Explain why it is important for plants to open and close their stomata in a daily rhythm. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [3] (b) Fig. 2.1 shows the results of an experiment to monitor this rhythm over three days and nights for the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The percentage of open stomata is shown. Each day consisted of 14 hours of light (white bar) and each night consisted of 10 hours of darkness (black bar). 100 Key day open night stomata 50 / %

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

The leaves of many plants have stomata that show a regular daily rhythm of opening and closing over a period of 24 hours. (a) Explain why it is important for plants to open and close their stomata in a daily rhythm. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [3] (b) Fig. 2.1 shows the results of an experiment to monitor this rhythm over three days and nights for the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The percentage of open stomata is shown. Each day consisted of 14 hours of light (white bar) and each night consisted of 10 hours of darkness (black bar). 100 Key day open night stomata 50 / %

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

hours You must answer on the question paper. No additional materials are needed. INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● You may use a calculator. ● You should show all your working and use appropriate units. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 100. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. DC (PB/CGW) 336399/4 © UCLES 2024 * 0000800000002 *

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

N = estimate of population size n = number of individuals captured in first sample

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

unmarked) captured in second sample m = number of marked individuals recaptured in

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

second sample population size = ......................................................... [2] [Total: 10] The boundaries and names shown, the designations used and the presentation of material on any maps contained in this question paper/insert do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by Cambridge Assessment International Education concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area or any of its authorities, or of the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge. (cid:300)(cid:209)(cid:266)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:249)(cid:182)(cid:260)(cid:215) © UCLES 2024 (cid:300)(cid:228)(cid:200)(cid:252)(cid:215)(cid:291)(cid:261)(cid:292)(cid:215)(cid:249)(cid:245)(cid:174)(cid:252)(cid:274)(cid:271)(cid:203)(cid:285)(cid:258) 9700/43/O/N/24 (cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:213) NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD PMT

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44) (b) As the newly formed glomerular filtrate passes along the proximal convoluted tubule, selective reabsorption takes place. The fluid remaining in the proximal convoluted tubule eventually forms urine. Table 1.1 lists three of the components of blood plasma that enter the glomerulus in a healthy person. Complete Table 1.1 by writing: • increased, if the component is present and is higher in concentration than in blood plasma • decreased, if the component is present and is lower in concentration than in blood plasma • same, if the component is present and is of the same concentration as blood plasma • not present, if the component is absent. You may use each response once, more than once or not at all. Table 1.1 component of blood plasma component in newly component in urine entering glomerulus formed glomerular filtrate glucose large plasma proteins urea [3] (c) Sweating during exercise can lead to a response in the posterior pituitary gland and in the kidney. State the response to sweating that occurs in the posterior pituitary gland and the response that occurs in the kidney. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [2] [Total: 9] © UCLES 2024 (cid:300) (cid:300) (cid:207) (cid:224) (cid:266) (cid:202) (cid:190) (cid:241) (cid:288) (cid:217) (cid:180) (cid:290) (cid:237) (cid:293) (cid:200) (cid:291) (cid:245) (cid:226) (cid:207) (cid:260) (cid:298) (cid:254) (cid:197) (cid:182) (cid:266) (cid:215) (cid:221) (cid:179) (cid:252) (cid:261) (cid:183) (cid:235) (cid:254) (cid:285) (cid:215) (cid:258) 9700/42/O/N/24 [Turn over (cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:261)(cid:181)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:229)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:213) NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD PMT * 0000800000004 *

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

The treatment of many diseases has been improved by the use of genetic technology in medicine. (a) Explain what is meant by genetic engineering. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [3] (b) (i) Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) is an inherited eye disease. In LCA, the photoreceptor cells in the retina die at an early age. This causes impaired vision (reduced eyesight) in children, which can progress to blindness. Mutations in different genes cause different forms of LCA. One form of this disease, LCA2, is caused by a mutation in the RPE65 gene. Gene therapy has been used to treat LCA2. Outline how an inherited eye disease, such as LCA2, is treated with gene therapy. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] (ii) Suggest why the eye is a suitable organ for gene therapy. ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [1] © UCLES 2024 (cid:300) (cid:300) (cid:207) (cid:224) (cid:266) (cid:201) (cid:190) (cid:243) (cid:288) (cid:209) (cid:180) (cid:286) (cid:237) (cid:283) (cid:200) (cid:278) (cid:245) (cid:228) (cid:207) (cid:252) (cid:298) (cid:252) (cid:197) (cid:252) (cid:266) (cid:225) (cid:223) (cid:295) (cid:252) (cid:243) (cid:183) (cid:187) (cid:256) (cid:293) (cid:215) (cid:258) 9700/42/O/N/24 [Turn over (cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:181)(cid:213)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:293)(cid:197)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:261)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:261)(cid:213) NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD PMT * 0000800000006 *

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

.......

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

hours You must answer on the question paper. No additional materials are needed. INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● You may use a calculator. ● You should show all your working and use appropriate units. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 100. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. This document has 24 pages. DC (DE) 348495 © UCLES 2024 [Turn over *5489725721* PMT * 0000800000001 * (cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:44) (cid:172)(cid:79)(cid:138)(cid:62)(cid:160)(cid:52)(cid:109)(cid:72)(cid:117)(cid:79)(cid:170)(cid:69)(cid:138)(cid:96)(cid:124)(cid:54)(cid:128)(cid:87) (cid:172)(cid:170)(cid:54)(cid:116)(cid:79)(cid:162)(cid:145)(cid:114)(cid:107)(cid:120)(cid:134)(cid:62)(cid:104)(cid:120)(cid:110)(cid:139)(cid:112)(cid:130) (cid:165)(cid:149)(cid:149)(cid:149)(cid:53)(cid:117)(cid:133)(cid:85)(cid:165)(cid:133)(cid:165)(cid:133)(cid:133)(cid:85)(cid:133)(cid:85)(cid:117)(cid:85) * 0000800000002 *

Question

Physics

Edexcel2023

Impulse W = QV 2 FΔt = Δp 1 W = CV 2

Question

Biology

CAIE2023

For Examiner's Use (ii) Explain how the changes in ovarian hormones shown in Fig. 8.1 are linked to changes in the uterus during the cycle. [4] (c) Table 8.1 shows the mean volume of a human ovary at different ages. Table 8.1 age/years mean volume of a human ovary/cm3

Question

Biology

CAIE2023

1 a α α a mating a α formation of 2 zygote a α aα budding aα

Question

Biology

CAIE2023

3.841 6.635 10.828

Question

Biology

CAIE2023

When only neurone X is stimulated, an action potential will occur in the postsynaptic neurone.

Question

Biology

CAIE2023

When an impulse arrives at a neuromuscular junction, it stimulates a muscle fibre of striated muscle to contract. (a) (i) Outline the similarities in structure between a neuromuscular junction and a cholinergic synapse. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [4] (ii) The hydrolysis of ATP during muscle contraction releases inorganic phosphate (P). i Calcium ions (Ca2+) can combine with P in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to form insoluble i calcium phosphate. This may result in fewer power strokes occurring in sarcomeres. Suggest why calcium phosphate formation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum may result in fewer power strokes occurring in sarcomeres. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] © UCLES 2023 9700/41/O/N/23 PMT

Question

Biology

CAIE2023

(ii) When high frequency sound is detected, the receptor cells in the tympanal organ stimulate the transmission of impulses in sensory neurones. Describe the sequence of events that results in an action potential in a sensory neurone. The first event in the sequence has been given for you. Calcium ions enter the cytoplasm of the receptor cell ................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [4] © UCLES 2023 9700/41/O/N/23 [Turn over PMT

Question

Biology

CAIE2023

When an impulse arrives at a neuromuscular junction, it stimulates a muscle fibre of striated muscle to contract. (a) (i) Outline the similarities in structure between a neuromuscular junction and a cholinergic synapse. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [4] (ii) The hydrolysis of ATP during muscle contraction releases inorganic phosphate (P). i Calcium ions (Ca2+) can combine with P in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to form insoluble i calcium phosphate. This may result in fewer power strokes occurring in sarcomeres. Suggest why calcium phosphate formation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum may result in fewer power strokes occurring in sarcomeres. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] © UCLES 2023 9700/43/O/N/23 PMT

Question

Biology

CAIE2023

(ii) When high frequency sound is detected, the receptor cells in the tympanal organ stimulate the transmission of impulses in sensory neurones. Describe the sequence of events that results in an action potential in a sensory neurone. The first event in the sequence has been given for you. Calcium ions enter the cytoplasm of the receptor cell ................................................. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [4] © UCLES 2023 9700/43/O/N/23 [Turn over PMT

Question

Biology

CAIE2023

(a) Some organisms carry out respiration in anaerobic conditions when oxygen is not available or when there is a low concentration of oxygen. In yeast and some plants, this is called ethanol fermentation. In mammals, it is called lactate fermentation. Fig. 1.1 outlines ethanol fermentation and lactate fermentation. glucose pyruvate ethanol lactate fermentation fermentation A B C D B C ethanol lactate Fig. 1.1 Identify substances A–D. A ............................................................................................................................................... B ............................................................................................................................................... C ............................................................................................................................................... D ............................................................................................................................................... [3] © UCLES 2023 9700/42/O/N/23 PMT

Question

Biology

CAIE2022

( c ) With reference to F ig. 2.1, explain the fast transmission of impulses along a motor neurone. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [4] [Total: 9] © UCLES 2019 97 00/04/SP/22 [Turn over PMT

Question

Physics

Edexcel2022

Impulse W = QV

Question

Physics

Edexcel2021

Impulse W = QV

Question

Physics

Edexcel2021

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 (a) State why the area under the graph represents impulse. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. (b) (i) Show that the velocity of the ball is about 30 m s−1 immediately after it is hit by the club. mass of ball = 0.046 kg (3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Question

Physics

Edexcel2020

Impulse W = QV

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