Electron charge e = −1.60 × 10−19 C
Electron mass m = 9.11 × 10−31 kg
e
Electronvolt 1 eV = 1.60 × 10−19 J
Gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2
Gravitational field strength g = 9.81 N kg−1 (close to Earth’s surface)
Permittivity of free space ε = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1
Gravitational field strength
Gm
Ideal gas equation
g =
r 2
pV = NkT
Gravitational potential
Stefan-Boltzmann law
−Gm
L = σAT 4 V =
grav r
L = 4πr2σT 4
Oscillations
Wien’s law
Simple harmonic motion
λ T = 2.898 × 10−3 m K
max
F = −k x
Space a = −ω2x
Intensity x = A cos ωt
L
v = −Aω sin ωt
I =
4πd 2
a = ‒Aω2 cos ωt
Redshift of electromagnetic radiation
Question
Physics
Edexcel2024
3 Gm m
mác2ñ = kT F = 1 2
Question
Physics
Edexcel2024
ΔE = mcΔθ
ΔE = LΔm
Gravitational fields
Molecular kinetic theory
Gravitational force
Question
Physics
CAIE2024
(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:44)
Data
acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s–2
speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1
elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10–19 C
unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10–27 kg
rest mass of proton m = 1.67 × 10–27 kg
p
rest mass of electron m = 9.11 × 10–31 kg
e
Avogadro constant N = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1
A
molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1
Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10–23 J K–1
gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2 kg–2
permittivity of free space ε = 8.85 × 10–12 F m–1
Question
Physics
CAIE2024
(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)
GM
gravitational potential ϕ = –
r
GMm
gravitational potential energy E = –
P r
Nm
pressure of an ideal gas p = 1 〈c2〉
Question
Physics
CAIE2024
(a) State Newton’s law of gravitation.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) A planet may be considered as a uniform sphere.
A satellite is in circular orbit of period T around the planet at a height h above the surface.
The height of the orbit can be adjusted by use of the satellite’s rocket engines.
Question
Physics
CAIE2024
(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:44)
Data
acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s–2
speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1
elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10–19 C
unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10–27 kg
rest mass of proton m = 1.67 × 10–27 kg
p
rest mass of electron m = 9.11 × 10–31 kg
e
Avogadro constant N = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1
A
molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1
Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10–23 J K–1
gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2 kg–2
permittivity of free space ε = 8.85 × 10–12 F m–1
Question
Physics
CAIE2024
(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)
GM
gravitational potential ϕ = –
r
GMm
gravitational potential energy E = –
P r
Nm
pressure of an ideal gas p = 1 〈c2〉
(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:44)
Data
acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s–2
speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s–1
elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10–19 C
unified atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 × 10–27 kg
rest mass of proton m = 1.67 × 10–27 kg
p
rest mass of electron m = 9.11 × 10–31 kg
e
Avogadro constant N = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1
A
molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1
Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10–23 J K–1
gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10–11 N m2 kg–2
permittivity of free space ε = 8.85 × 10–12 F m–1
Question
Physics
CAIE2024
(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:4)(cid:44)
GM
gravitational potential ϕ = –
r
GMm
gravitational potential energy E = –
P r
Nm
pressure of an ideal gas p = 1 〈c2〉
Question
Physics
CAIE2024
(a) State Newton’s law of gravitation.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) A planet may be considered as a uniform sphere.
A satellite is in circular orbit of period T around the planet at a height h above the surface.
The height of the orbit can be adjusted by use of the satellite’s rocket engines.
A toy car moves up a slope at a constant speed, as shown. The car is moved by a motor
with a power output of 5.2 W. The car gains a gravitational potential energy of 0.40 J in
a time of 1.1 s.
Which of the following expressions gives the work done, in J, against resistive forces?
A 5.2 − (0.40 × 1.1)
B (5.2 × 1.1) − 0.40
C (5.2 ÷ 1.1) + 0.40
D (5.2 × 1.1) + 0.40
(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)
*P74468A0224*
Question
Physics
CAIE2023
Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion s = ut + ½at2
v2 = u2 + 2as
work done on/by a gas W = p∆V
Gm
gravitational potential φ = −
r
hydrostatic pressure p = ρgh
1Nm
pressure of an ideal gas p =
Question
Physics
Edexcel2023
Electron charge e = −1.60 × 10−19 C
Electron mass m = 9.11 × 10−31 kg
e
Electronvolt 1 eV = 1.60 × 10−19 J
Gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2
Gravitational field strength g = 9.81 N kg−1 (close to Earth’s surface)
Permittivity of free space ε = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1
Question
Physics
Edexcel2023
ΔE = mcΔθ
ΔE = LΔm
Gravitational fields
Molecular kinetic theory
Gravitational force
Question
Physics
Edexcel2023
Gravitational field strength
Gm
Ideal gas equation
g =
r 2
pV = NkT
Gravitational potential
Stefan‑Boltzmann law
−Gm
L = σAT 4 V =
grav r
L = 4πr2σT 4
Oscillations
Wien’s law
Simple harmonic motion
λ T = 2.898 × 10−3 m K
max
F = −k x
Space a = −ω2x
Intensity x = A cos ωt
L
v = −Aω sin ωt
I =
4πd 2
a = ‒Aω2 cos ωt
Redshift of electromagnetic radiation 1 2π
T = =
Δλ Δf v f ω
z = ≈ ≈
λ f c ω = 2π f
Cosmological expansion Simple harmonic oscillator
v = H d m
Question
Physics
CAIE2023
(a) (i) On Fig. 1.1, draw lines to represent the gravitational field outside an isolated
uniform sphere.
Fig. 1.1
(ii) A second sphere has the same mass but a smaller radius. Suggest what
difference, if any, there is between the patterns of field lines for the two spheres.
[3]
(b) The Earth may be considered to be a uniform sphere of radius 6380km with its mass of
GM
(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:79) (cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79) ϕ (cid:32) (cid:177)(cid:3031)
r
GMm
(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:79) (cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79) (cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:92) E (cid:32) (cid:177)(cid:3031)
P r
(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72) (cid:82)(cid:73) (cid:68)(cid:81) (cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:79) (cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:86) p =
1Nm
〈c2〉
Question
Physics
Edexcel2022
ΔE = mcΔθ
ΔE = LΔm
Gravitational fields
Molecular kinetic theory
Gravitational force
Question
Physics
Edexcel2022
Gravitational field strength
Gm
Ideal gas equation
g =
r 2
pV = NkT
Gravitational potential
Stefan‑Boltzmann law
−Gm
L = σAT 4 V =
grav r
L = 4πr2σT 4
Oscillations
Wien’s law
Simple harmonic motion
λ T = 2.898 × 10−3 m K
max
F = −k x
Space a = −ω2x
Intensity x = A cos ωt
L
v = −Aω sin ωt
I =
4πd 2
a = ‒Aω2 cos ωt
Redshift of electromagnetic radiation
Question
Physics
Edexcel2022
Electron charge e = −1.60 × 10−19 C
Electron mass m = 9.11 × 10−31 kg
e
Electronvolt 1 eV = 1.60 × 10−19 J
Gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2
Gravitational field strength g = 9.81 N kg−1 (close to Earth’s surface)
Permittivity of free space ε = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1
Question
Physics
Edexcel2021
Gravitational field strength
Gm
Ideal gas equation
g =
r 2
pV = NkT
Gravitational potential
Stefan-Boltzmann law
−Gm
L = σAT 4 V =
grav r
L = 4πr2σT 4
Oscillations
Wien’s law
Simple harmonic motion
λ T = 2.898 × 10−3 m K
max
F = −k x
Space a = −ω2x
Intensity x = A cos ωt
L
v = −Aω sin ωt
I =
4πd 2
a = ‒Aω2 cos ωt
Redshift of electromagnetic radiation
Question
Physics
Edexcel2021
Electron charge e = −1.60 × 10−19 C
Electron mass m = 9.11 × 10−31 kg
e
Electronvolt 1 eV = 1.60 × 10−19 J
Gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2
Gravitational field strength g = 9.81 N kg−1 (close to Earth’s surface)
Permittivity of free space ε = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1
Question
Physics
Edexcel2021
ΔE = mcΔθ
ΔE = LΔm
Gravitational fields
Molecular kinetic theory
Gravitational force
Question
Physics
Edexcel2021
3 Gm m
mác2ñ = kT F = 1 2
Question
Physics
Edexcel2020
Gravitational field strength
Gm
Ideal gas equation
g =
r 2
pV = NkT
Gravitational potential
Stefan-Boltzmann law
−Gm
L = σAT 4 V =
grav r
L = 4πr2σT 4
Oscillations
Wien’s law
Simple harmonic motion
λ T = 2.898 × 10−3 m K
max
F = −k x
Space a = −ω2x
Intensity x = A cos ωt
L
v = −Aω sin ωt
I =
4πd 2
a = ‒Aω2 cos ωt
Redshift of electromagnetic radiation
Question
Physics
Edexcel2020
Electron charge e = −1.60 × 10−19 C
Electron mass m = 9.11 × 10−31 kg
e
Electronvolt 1 eV = 1.60 × 10−19 J
Gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2
Gravitational field strength g = 9.81 N kg−1 (close to Earth’s surface)
Permittivity of free space ε = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1
Question
Physics
Edexcel2020
ΔE = mcΔθ
ΔE = LΔm
Gravitational fields
Molecular kinetic theory
Gravitational force
Question
Physics
CAIE2016
(a) The Earth may be considered to be a uniform sphere of radius 6380 km with its mass of
Question
Physics
CAIE2016
v2 = u2+2as
work done on/by a gas W = p(cid:39)V
Gm
gravitational potential (cid:73) = –
r
hydrostatic pressure p = (cid:85)gh
Nm
pressure of an ideal gas p = 1 (cid:162)c2(cid:178)
Question
Physics
CAIE2016
98 × 1024 kg concentrated at its centre, as illustrated in Fig. 1.1.
mass