Fig. 5.1 outlines the way in which the gene for human insulin is incorporated into plasmid
DNA and inserted into a bacterium.
UCLES 2007 9700/4/SP07 final
PPMMTT
Question
Biology
CAIE2023
For
Examiner's
Use
(a) Describe how the plasmid DNA is cut.
[3]
(b) Explain how the human insulin gene is joined to the plasmid DNA.
[3]
(c) List two advantages of treating diabetics with human insulin produced by genetic
engineering.
Question
Biology
CAIE2023
Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis.
Fig. 1.1 shows some structural features of a chloroplast and some processes that occur within it.
light
CO
(ii) Name a vector suitable for genetically modifying plant cells.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) The HT crops received two new genes that gave resistance to glyphosate herbicide and
also a marker gene called GUS. The parts of the plant that express the GUS gene turn
blue when dipped into a colourless chemical substrate.
Explain why the GUS gene was also transferred to the genetically modifi ed crops.
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...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Fig. 8.2 shows the increase in the number of weed species resistant to glyphosate herbicide
and triazine herbicides since 1970.
Crops have not been genetically modi fi ed to resist triazine herbicides.