Search results for "Ecology"

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Biology

CAIE2024

(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:2)(cid:44) (b) Xanthoria is a lichen that can grow in places where there is a high concentration of sulfur dioxide in the air, for example in towns where homes, factories and vehicles burn fuels. Fig. 9.2 shows a lichen of the genus Xanthoria. Fig. 9.2 (i) A student planned a method to measure the relative abundance of Usnea and Xanthoria on trees along a transect from the town centre at 0 km to unpolluted countryside at 4 km. Suggest why measuring the relative abundance of the two types of lichen gives information that is useful for conservation. … ........................................................................................................................................ … ........................................................................................................................................ … ........................................................................................................................................ … ........................................................................................................................................ … ........................................................................................................................................ … ........................................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... [3] (ii) Although a large biodiversity of lichens can be found in a range of habitats, most people ignore them. Outline why forms of life that are usually ignored, such as lichens, should be conserved. … ........................................................................................................................................ … ........................................................................................................................................ … ........................................................................................................................................ … ........................................................................................................................................ ..................................................................................................................................... [2] [Total: 9] © UCLES 2024 (cid:300) (cid:300) (cid:207) (cid:228) (cid:266) (cid:200) (cid:190) (cid:250) (cid:288) (cid:212) (cid:180) (cid:293) (cid:237) (cid:275) (cid:200) (cid:271) (cid:245) (cid:205) (cid:207) (cid:262) (cid:298) (cid:242) (cid:197) (cid:265) (cid:266) (cid:286) (cid:221) (cid:174) (cid:249) (cid:268) (cid:183) (cid:243) (cid:260) (cid:277) (cid:215) (cid:258) 9700/43/O/N/24 [Turn over (cid:293)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:181)(cid:197)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:213) NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD PMT * 0000800000022 *

Question

Biology

CAIE2022

( a) F ig. 7 .1 shows a red deer, Cervus elaphus. Red deer feed on a wide range of plants. Fig. 7. 1 (cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72) (cid:81)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:85) (cid:82)(cid:73) (cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:71) (cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85) (cid:76)(cid:81) (cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72) (cid:56)(cid:46) (cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:71) (cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:80) (cid:20)(cid:22)(cid:24)(cid:3031)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19) (cid:76)(cid:81) (cid:20)(cid:28)(cid:25)(cid:19) (cid:87)(cid:82) (cid:22)(cid:25)(cid:19)(cid:3031)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19) (cid:76)(cid:81) (cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:17) Environmental factors affect the population size of red deer so that numbers do not continue to increase. Suggest environmental factors that may prevent further increases in the size of red deer populations. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [3 ] The body mass of red deer shows wide variation within a population. This is shown in F ig. 7 .2. number of red deer low medium high body mass Fig. 7. 2 © UCLES 2019 97 00/04/SP/22 PMT

Question

Biology

CAIE2022

The diversity of dung beetle species was investigated at two grassland sites in North America. Dung beetles feed on animal faeces ( dung) . The first grassland site was graze d by cattle and the second grassland site was not graze d by cattle. The areas of the two grassland sites were the same. At each grassland site, dung beetles were collected, identified and counted. ( a) The results are shown in Table 9.1. Table 9. 1 dung beetle number of dung number of dung sp ec ies beetles on grassland beetles on grassland graze d by c attle not graze d by c attle A 426 7 6 6 41 B 2005 7 7 4 C 3 5 3 108 D 218 8 5 total 6 8 43 7 6 08 ( i) Simpson’s index of diversity ( D) for the dung beetles on the grassland site graze d by cattle was calculated as 0.5 22, using the formula: J N

Question

Biology

CAIE2022

Table 9. 2 number of dung dung beetle n n 2 beetles on grassland sp ec ies N dNn not graze d by c attle A 6 6 41 B (cid:3029)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:23) C (cid:3029)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:27) D (cid:3029)(cid:3029)(cid:27)(cid:24) total 7 6 08 Simpson’s index of diversity ( D) = ............................................................... [3 ] ( ii) Describe what the results in Table 9.1 and both figures for Simpson’s index of diversity show about the effect of graz ing by cattle on the diversity of dung beetles. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [2] ( b) O ther species of beetle that do not feed on animal dung are found on the grassland sites. Name and describe one method for estimating the population size of a species of beetle that does not feed on dung in each of the two areas of grassland. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [4] [Total: 9] © UCLES 2019 97 00/04/SP/22 [Turn over PMT

Question

Biology

CAIE2016

(b) Suggest what may happen to the desert pupfi sh if water levels rise and the pools once more form an extensive lake system. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [3] [Total: 8] © UCLES 2014 9700/04/SP/16 [Turn over PPMMTT

Question

Biology

CAIE2016

(b) D. muscipula grows naturally in a small region in eastern USA. Fires that destroy much of the vegetation occur in this region. Three sites in this region where there had been fi res were identifi ed and investigated. • Site 1 had experienced a fi re 2 years before. • Site 2 had experienced a fi re 10 years before. • Site 3 had experienced a fi re 30 years before. Preliminary observations suggested that over the course of time following a fi re, the biodiversity of plants had increased. However, the abundance of Venus fl y trap plants had decreased and so had the light intensity available to them. There was also a decrease in the nitrogen that the plants absorbed from insects as a proportion of all the nitrogen they obtained from their environment. Name an ecological or statistical method to measure: (i) the abundance of D. muscipula at each site ...................................................................................................................................... [1] (ii) plant biodiversity at each site ...................................................................................................................................... [1] (iii) the strength of the relationship between light intensity and the proportion of nitrogen absorbed from insects, after taking measurements from a large number of plants. ...................................................................................................................................... [1] [Total: 8] © UCLES 2014 9700/04/SP/16 [Turn over PPMMTT

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