Search results for "Calvin Cycle"

Biology

CAIE2024

second sample population size = ......................................................... [2] [Total: 10] The boundaries and names shown, the designations used and the presentation of material on any maps contained in this question paper/insert do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by Cambridge Assessment International Education concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area or any of its authorities, or of the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge. (cid:300)(cid:209)(cid:266)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:251)(cid:181)(cid:260)(cid:215) © UCLES 2024 (cid:300)(cid:298)(cid:184)(cid:242)(cid:215)(cid:286)(cid:294)(cid:272)(cid:215)(cid:249)(cid:266)(cid:203)(cid:296)(cid:223)(cid:270)(cid:259)(cid:256)(cid:258) 9700/41/O/N/24 (cid:293)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:293)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:229)(cid:277)(cid:277)(cid:213) NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD PMT

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Biology

CAIE2024

hours You must answer on the question paper. No additional materials are needed. INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● You may use a calculator. ● You should show all your working and use appropriate units. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 100. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. DC (PB/CGW) 336399/4 © UCLES 2024 * 0000800000002 *

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Biology

CAIE2024

(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:44)

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Biology

CAIE2024

N = estimate of population size n = number of individuals captured in first sample

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

unmarked) captured in second sample m = number of marked individuals recaptured in

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

The leaves of many plants have stomata that show a regular daily rhythm of opening and closing over a period of 24 hours. (a) Explain why it is important for plants to open and close their stomata in a daily rhythm. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [3] (b) Fig. 2.1 shows the results of an experiment to monitor this rhythm over three days and nights for the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The percentage of open stomata is shown. Each day consisted of 14 hours of light (white bar) and each night consisted of 10 hours of darkness (black bar). 100 Key day open night stomata 50 / %

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

N = estimate of population size n = number of individuals captured in first sample

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

unmarked) captured in second sample m = number of marked individuals recaptured in

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

second sample population size = ......................................................... [2] [Total: 10] The boundaries and names shown, the designations used and the presentation of material on any maps contained in this question paper/insert do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by Cambridge Assessment International Education concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area or any of its authorities, or of the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge. (cid:300)(cid:209)(cid:266)(cid:190)(cid:288)(cid:180)(cid:237)(cid:200)(cid:245)(cid:207)(cid:298)(cid:197)(cid:266)(cid:222)(cid:249)(cid:182)(cid:260)(cid:215) © UCLES 2024 (cid:300)(cid:228)(cid:200)(cid:252)(cid:215)(cid:291)(cid:261)(cid:292)(cid:215)(cid:249)(cid:245)(cid:174)(cid:252)(cid:274)(cid:271)(cid:203)(cid:285)(cid:258) 9700/43/O/N/24 (cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:277)(cid:213)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:229)(cid:245)(cid:197)(cid:197)(cid:213)(cid:261)(cid:197)(cid:181)(cid:293)(cid:245)(cid:245)(cid:213) NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD NIGRAM SIHT NI ETIRW TON OD PMT

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Biology

CAIE2024

(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:44)

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

hours You must answer on the question paper. No additional materials are needed. INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● You may use a calculator. ● You should show all your working and use appropriate units. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 100. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. This document has 24 pages. DC (DE) 348495 © UCLES 2024 [Turn over *5489725721* PMT * 0000800000001 * (cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:44) (cid:172)(cid:79)(cid:138)(cid:62)(cid:160)(cid:52)(cid:109)(cid:72)(cid:117)(cid:79)(cid:170)(cid:69)(cid:138)(cid:96)(cid:124)(cid:54)(cid:128)(cid:87) (cid:172)(cid:170)(cid:54)(cid:116)(cid:79)(cid:162)(cid:145)(cid:114)(cid:107)(cid:120)(cid:134)(cid:62)(cid:104)(cid:120)(cid:110)(cid:139)(cid:112)(cid:130) (cid:165)(cid:149)(cid:149)(cid:149)(cid:53)(cid:117)(cid:133)(cid:85)(cid:165)(cid:133)(cid:165)(cid:133)(cid:133)(cid:85)(cid:133)(cid:85)(cid:117)(cid:85) * 0000800000002 *

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

(cid:44)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:9)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:3)(cid:44)

Question

Biology

CAIE2024

The leaves of many plants have stomata that show a regular daily rhythm of opening and closing over a period of 24 hours. (a) Explain why it is important for plants to open and close their stomata in a daily rhythm. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [3] (b) Fig. 2.1 shows the results of an experiment to monitor this rhythm over three days and nights for the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The percentage of open stomata is shown. Each day consisted of 14 hours of light (white bar) and each night consisted of 10 hours of darkness (black bar). 100 Key day open night stomata 50 / %

Question

Biology

CAIE2023

Fig. 2.1 shows the main stages of the Calvin cycle. (a) State precisely where the Calvin cycle occurs in plant cells. [1] (b) Describe how carbon dioxide is fixed in the Calvin cycle. [2] (c) Explain how the products of photophosphorylation are used in the Calvin cycle. [3] (d) Explain what initially happens to the concentration of RuBP and GP if the supply of carbon dioxide is reduced. RuBP GP [2] [Total: 8]  UCLES 2007 9700/4/SP07 final PPMMTT

Question

Biology

CAIE2023

(a) Non-cyclic photophosphorylation occurs in the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis. Outline the main features of non-cyclic photophosphorylation. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [4] (b) Some Calvin cycle intermediates are used to produce other molecules that are not part of the Calvin cycle. Name two of these intermediates. For each intermediate, state one example of the type of molecule that is produced. intermediate .............................................. molecule produced .............................................. intermediate .............................................. molecule produced .............................................. [2] © UCLES 2023 9700/42/O/N/23 PMT

Question

Biology

CAIE2022

(a) The results of investigations carried out on mitochondria show how the structure of a mitochondrion is related to its role in aerobic respiration. • Intact mitochondria (not damaged) were removed from cells. • A technique was used to remove the outer mitochondrial membrane, leaving the inner membrane intact. • The inner mitochondrial membrane was separated from the contents of the matrix so that both could be analysed. (i) The removal of the outer membranes of mitochondria involves placing the organelles in pure water. This results in the rupture (bursting) of the outer membrane. The inner mitochondrial membrane does not rupture and remains intact. Suggest and explain why the inner membrane of a mitochondrion remains intact when the organelle is placed in pure water. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [2] (ii) Name three molecules, other than coenzymes, that are found in the mitochondrial matrix and explain their role in aerobic respiration. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] (iii) The inner membrane contains a very high proportion of the molecule cardiolipin. Cardiolipin makes the membrane impermeable to some ions. Suggest why the inner membrane contains a very high proportion of cardiolipin. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [1] © UCLES 2022 9700/43/O/N/22 [Turn over PMT

Question

Biology

CAIE2022

(c) Some zoos use assisted reproduction techniques, such as embryo transfer, in their captive breeding programmes for endangered species. Embryo transfer has resulted in domesticated dromedary camels giving birth to wild Bactrian camel calves. Describe the procedure of embryo transfer in a mammal such as a camel. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [4] [Total: 9] © UCLES 2022 9700/43/O/N/22 [Turn over PMT

Question

Biology

CAIE2016

reactions 2 X Y CO Calvin cycle sugar

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